Daily Archives: November 21, 2007

Episcopacy in the Early Church

I’m currently reading through the Apostolic Fathers (Michael Holmes’ translation is excellent, I highly recommend it).  When I was reading the Didache I came across this passage:

Therefore appoint for yourselves bishops and deacons worthy of the Lord, men who are humble and not avaricious and true and approved, for they too carry out for you the ministry of the prophets and teachers. (15:2)

So, it seems that perhaps the earliest catechal document we have from the early church instructs congregations in a given city to appoint and ordain their own episcopal overseers (who are, of course ostensibly in communion with overseers from in all other local churches).  Moreover, if we have have local churches consecrating their own bishops, how does that jive with any straightforward theory of apostolic succession?

Reformers or Saints: What Does the Church Need?

In his apologia for the origin of the modern Roman Catholic Church flowing directly from the earliest Church, Kenneth Whitehead makes this statement:

The early church has not disappeared.  She is with us still.  Reformers, again by whatever name, are not so much needed by this Church as are those who aspire to be saints – those determined to follow Christ seriously and to fulfil God’s holy will by employing the means of sanctification that Christ’s Church continues to provide.

This reminded me of the account of Bonhoeffer’s conversation with Catholic pacifist, Jean Lassare in which Lassare told Bonhoeffer that he hoped to perhaps one day become a saint.  Bonhoeffer replied that he wished to learn to have faith.

Regardless, what do people think of this line?  Does the church need saints or reformers?  Can a reformer be a saint?  Can a saint be a reformer?

Theological Musings on Global Captialism

The following are three abriveated talking points that I presented at a class I am taking on cross-cultural communication and Christian mission.  I’m curious to see what people might think of them. 

Capitalism is Heresy. Capitalism, for Christians should be understood as a heretical way of shaping human life; a way of life that is idolatrous. From a theological perspective, the ultimate problem with capitalism is not that it creates more poor people than other alternatives or that it trains us in greed (though both of those things are probably true). The problem with capitalism is that it de-forms human desires and social relations. It trains us to view all things and people as commodities to be used and dominated. It is what Augustine called the libido dominandi run wild.

Capitalism is Indestructable. From a Christian perspective the most insidious thing about capitalism lies in its ability to absorb counter-movements into itself. Capitalism produces its own antibodies, making them part of its own system. A great example of this are the anti-globalization movements which have become happy fixtures within the capitalist economy. The quintessence of global capitalism are the chic T-shirts, made in Chinese sweatshops bearing the “World Without Strangers” logo. Or Bono’s “Product Red” campaign which encourages people to buy certain products from chains like Gap and Reebock because a “a portion” of the proceeds goes to poverty relief – while the products themselves are made by children under the age of 10 in textile factories in southeast Asia. The point is that capitalism as we know it today is basically an indestructible, unopposable system.

The Kingdom of God is the “Solution” to Capitalism.  The solution to the sins of capitalism is not another economic system such as socialism. The solution is the Kingdom of God; a kingdom which we do not construct or manipulate, but which we receive. This is not a pie when you die “solution” because the Kingdom of God is indeed present now in the life of the church. Whenever the deformed desires and social relations brought about by capitalism are healed through the reconciliation brought about in Christ, we are given hope. The downfall of the economic empire of Mammon lies ultimately in God’s hands. But we see his hands at work through us when we are able to welcome those different from us, when former enemies eat together in peace, when we see people no longer view others as obstacles and commodities to be dominated, but as gifts to receive with love. The Christian response to capitalism is not to find another economic system by which to overthrow the current system, it is rather to find ways of living in the disruptive spaces of freedom which God creates even in the face of a seemingly intractable empire. Even in the darkness of captialism’s hegemony God has not left himself without witnesses. There remain the seven thousand who do not bow their knees to the Baals of our far sexier pantheon of captitalism’s anemic gods. The question for is how far we are willing to go to be numbered among that remnant in which it is clear that the kingdom of God rather than Mammon is running our lives.

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